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Ce e bine sa mancam inainte sau dupa antrenamentele fizice - sfaturi despre nutritie oferite de doamna dr. Mihaela Gologan

Ce e bine sa mancam inainte sau dupa antrenamentele fizice - sfaturi despre nutritie oferite de doamna dr. Mihaela Gologan

Postat de Bucataras in Cu de toate pe 23 Feb 2016, 10:06

Articol pe placul a 12 bucatarasi
comenteaza

Doamna Dr. Mihaela Gologan este medic specialist in diabet, nutritie si boli metabolice, in cadrul retelei private de sanatate Regina Maria.

Doamna doctor ne va oferi periodic sfaturi de nutritie, de urmat pentru a duce o viata cat mai sanatoasa.

Astazi ne va vorbi despre dieta recomandata sportivilor.

Iubitorii sportului, preocupati pentru un stil de viata sanatos, sunt, in general, adeptii unei diete echilibrate, bazate pe alimente diverse, naturale, cat mai putin procesate: cereale integrale, fructe si legume, dar si proteine din peste, carne slaba, lactate degresate, oua.

Energia necesara pentru activitatile de intensitate moderat-crescuta vine atat din glicogenul stocat in muschi, cat si din nivelele circulante de glucoza si acizi grasi.

In activitati fizice de intensitate redusa dar durata mare (mers), creste contributia grasimilor ca sursa de energie.

Masa de dinaintea eforului intarzie apartitia senzatiei de foame si are rolul de a mentine nivelul glucozei optim pentru exercitiu, imbunatatind performanta. Aceasta trebuie sa fie consistenta in glucide, saraca in grasimi si usor de digerat.

Astfel, cu 3-4 ore inainte se poate manca un sandvis cu carne de curcan si o banana sau piept de pui cu cartofi copti si o felie de paine cu magiun.

Cu 2-3 ore inainte de efort se recomanda o bautura energizanta, hidratarea corespunzatoare fiind la fel de importanta. Daca nu este posibil un interval atat de mare, cu o ora inainte de efort se poate consuma o masa cu 50-70g glucide: iaurt cu fructe, un smoothie.

In timpul efortului fizic de durata aportul de glucide intarzie oboseala si chiar poate imbunatati performanta. O cantitate aproximativa de glucide ar fi de 30 g la fiecare 30 minute. Se pot folosi produse speciale pentru sportivi sau o simpla limonada (apa cu minerale, lamaie, miere).

Imediat dupa efort, de multe ori sunt preferate bauturile (ideal cu 6% glucide si electroliti: sodiu si potasiu) cu efect hidratant si revigorant.

Dupa antrenament, primele 2 ore sunt cele mai importante pentru refacerea rezervelor de glicogen, in special pentru cei care au 2 antrenamente pe zi; se recomanda asocierea de glucide cu indice glicemic mare sau moderat (uzual 1 g/kg corp) cu proteine, pentru stimularea secretiei de insulina care sa determine cresterea cantitatii de glucoza preluata de muschi; cel mai studiat aliment este laptele, atat integral cat si degresat sau cu diferite arome; 1-2 cani de lapte constituie bautura ideala pentru refacere imediata dupa exercitii de rezistenta.

Ulterior se recomanda mai multe gustari sau o masa completa, care sa aduca carbohidrati cu indice glicemic mediu sau crescut (pentru refacerea rezervelor de glicogen aproximativ 100g glucide), la care se adauga proteine. Necesarul proteic pentru un adult sanatos este de aproximativ 0,8g/kg/zi si creste la sportivi pana la 1,5g/kg/zi – pentru cresterea masei musculare.

Ca gustari se pot consuma batoane de cereale, combinatii de fructe uscate cu fructe oleaginoase, un sandvis cu ton sau cu branza si legume; daca urmeaza o masa principala, aceasta poate contine diferite combinatii cu paste, orez, cartofi, leguminoase.

Daca se urmareste scaderea in greutate se recomanda asocierea de carbohidrati cu indice glicemic scazut cu un aport suplimentar de proteine (necesare pentru a impiedica pierderea masei musculare); se va limita aportul de grasimi saturate si hidrogenate; este foarte important sa se evite infometarea, iar aportul caloric sa se reduca cu aproximativ 10-20%.

____________________________________________

Surse:

The Complete Guide to Sport Nutrition- Anita Bean
Krause's Food & Nutrition Therapy- L.K Mahan, S Escott-Stump

Sursa foto: popsugar.com

Comentarii (3)

23.02.2016, 10:33

23.02.2016, 18:44

24.02.2016, 07:56

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